Book Value
/bʊk ˈvæljuː/
Book value is the total value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, representing the net worth recorded in the financial accounts.
Book value is the total value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, representing the net worth recorded in the financial accounts.
Book value represents the carrying value of assets on your balance sheet after accounting for depreciation, amortisation, and any impairments.
It's calculated using historical cost rather than current market prices, which means it reflects what you originally paid for assets minus accumulated wear and tear.
Think of it as your company's theoretical "break-up" value based on your accounting records.
Book value is the historical cost less depreciation, while market value is what buyers would pay today.
For example, €5,000 book value office equipment may have a lower market value due to being outdated.
The gap often widens, especially for property (appreciating) or technology (depreciating).
Book value also ignores unrecorded assets like internally generated intangible assets and intellectual property, which can be key value drivers.
Book value helps founders understand their company's financial position and net asset backing.
Investors and lenders often compare book value to market capitalisation or valuation to assess whether a company is over or undervalued.
It's particularly useful when securing loans, as lenders want to see tangible asset backing behind your business.
Book value per share divides total shareholders' equity by the number of outstanding shares.
If your company has €100,000 in equity and 10,000 shares, each share has a book value of €10.
This metric helps shareholders understand the accounting value behind each ownership stake.
Depreciation and amortisation steadily reduce book value as assets age and lose value on paper.
Accumulated losses, dividend payments, and asset write-downs also decrease book value.
Conversely, retained profits and new capital injections increase it.
Book value works best for asset-heavy businesses like manufacturing or property companies where physical assets dominate the balance sheet.
It's less meaningful for tech startups or service businesses whose value lies in intellectual property, brand recognition, or future growth potential rather than tangible assets.
