Founders, startup CEOs, and entrepreneurs navigating their first investment rounds, especially after signing term sheets and awaiting funds.
You’ll learn the full closing process, common pitfalls like record discrepancies, and steps for approvals and filings to minimize delays and ensure legal completion.
Key Takeaways
- Closing is when the investment round completes with funds received and shares issued to investors.
- Post-term sheet steps include due diligence, conditions precedent, and board/shareholder approvals.
- Signing commits parties; completion transfers funds after conditions are met.
- Funds flow is managed via a schedule coordinating investor transfers to company account.
- Post-closing, update internal records and file share allotments with company registry.

A closing is the moment when an investment round is completed and the company officially receives the investment funds.
Founders often focus on signing a term sheet and assume the money arrives soon after. In reality, several important steps happen between signing the term sheet and the funds reaching the company’s account. This process usually takes a number of weeks, if not months.
This sounds complicated, but here is what it means. The company and investors must complete a series of approvals, documents, and filings before the investment can legally complete.
Below, we explain what happens between the term sheet and closing, how the closing process works, and what must be filed with the relevant company registry once the investment completes.
What happens after signing a term sheet?
A term sheet outlines the key commercial terms of the investment. It usually describes the investment amount, valuation, and major investor rights and is one to three pages long.
However, a term sheet is typically not the final legal agreement. Instead, it is the starting point for preparing the final investment documents.
After signing the term sheet, the following steps usually take place:
- Conducting due diligence on the company
- Agreeing the mechanics of the investment
- Drafting the final investment agreement and related documents
These steps ensure both the company and the investors fully understand the structure of the investment.
In practice, this means the term sheet signals serious intent to invest, but the investment has not yet happened.
What is the closing process?
The closing process is the structured set of steps required to complete the investment and issue new shares to investors.
In this section, we will cover the main stages that take place before the investment completes.
Step 1: Due diligence
Investors usually review the company’s records before completing the investment. This process is called due diligence.
Investors typically review documents such as:
- Company incorporation documents
- Share registers and cap tables
- Intellectual property ownership
- Key commercial contracts
The purpose is to confirm that the company’s records match what was presented during fundraising.
Step 2: Conditions precedent
Conditions precedent are actions that must be completed before the investment can close.
These are usually listed in the investment agreement and must be satisfied before investors transfer funds.
Examples of conditions precedent include:
- Board approval of the investment
- Shareholder approval where required
- Confirmation that due diligence issues are resolved
- Updated company documents and agreements
In practice, this means the company must complete certain steps before investors are required to send the funds.
Step 3: Board and shareholder approvals
Most investments require formal board approval before new shares can be issued.
In some cases, shareholder approval is also required. This depends on the company’s constitution and shareholder agreements.
The board usually approves:
- The investment documents
- The issue of new shares
- Any updated company governance arrangements, such as appointing a new director on behalf of the investor
These approvals ensure the company is authorised to take on the investment and carry out the related matters.
What is the difference between signing and completion?
Many investment transactions involve two key moments, signing and completion.
Signing occurs when all parties sign the investment agreements. Completion occurs when the conditions precedent are satisfied and the investment funds are transferred.
| Stage | What happens |
|---|---|
| Signing | Investment agreements are signed |
| Between signing and completion (which can take place simultaneously) | Conditions precedent are completed |
| Completion | Funds are transferred and shares are issued |
The key difference is that signing commits the parties to the transaction, while completion is when the investment actually takes place.
Typically for early stage investments, signing and completion happen on the same day. In other cases, they may be separated by several days or weeks. There may also be ‘second’ or ‘further’ completions whereby, subject to the company hitting certain milestones, the investors will invest further amounts.
How does funds flow work?
Funds flow describes how the investment money moves from the investors to the company.
Before completion, the company and investors usually agree a funds flow schedule. This document explains where the funds will be sent and when.
The process usually works as follows:
- Investors confirm the amount they will transfer
- Bank account details are shared with investors
- Investors transfer the investment funds
- The company confirms receipt of the funds
Once the funds arrive, the company issues the agreed shares to the investors. Sometimes this process is handled between the company and the investor’s solicitors.
In practice, this means the investment officially completes when both funds and shares are exchanged.
What must be filed after closing?
After completion, the company must update its internal records and make filings with the relevant company registry.
These filings record the issue of new shares and ensure the public record reflects the updated ownership structure.
Typical post closing steps include:
- Updating the register of members
- Recording the share allotment in company registers
- Issuing share certificates (or loan note certificates)
- Filing the share allotment with the relevant company registry
These filings usually must be made within a defined timeframe after the shares are issued.
If these filings are delayed or incorrect, the company’s records may not match the official registry records.
What can go wrong between signing and closing?
Most investment rounds complete smoothly, but problems can arise between signing and closing.
These issues usually appear while satisfying conditions precedent or completing due diligence.
Common issues include:
- Missing or incomplete company records
- Cap table discrepancies
- Required approvals not being obtained
- Errors in investment documentation
These problems can delay completion until they are resolved.
Keep company records, including any contracts the company has entered into, organised and up to date before fundraising begins. This reduces delays during the closing process.
Summary, closing is when the investment actually completes
A closing is the moment when an investment round becomes legally effective and the company receives the investment funds.
Between signing a term sheet and closing, the company and investors must complete several steps. These include due diligence, satisfying conditions precedent, obtaining approvals, and preparing the funds flow.
After completion, the company must update its internal records and file the new share allotment with the relevant company registry.

Stuart Connolly is a corporate barrister in Ireland and the UK since 2012.
He spent over a decade at Ireland's top law firms including Arthur Cox & William Fry.







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